1789
1819
Era
First Party System
Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans.
8 cycles in this era
First Party System
1789
George Washington
Only unanimous Electoral College vote in US history
First Party System1792
George Washington
Last election where Washington ran; political parties were forming in the background
First Party System1796
John Adams
First contested election; resulted in president and VP from opposing parties
First Party System1800
Thomas Jefferson
Tie between Jefferson and Burr sent election to the House; led to the 12th Amendment
First Party System1804
Thomas Jefferson
First election under the 12th Amendment; Jefferson won 92% of electoral votes
First Party System1808
James Madison
Madison won despite the unpopular Embargo Act; Federalists made modest gains in New England
First Party System1812
James Madison
First election held during wartime; closest race of the era
First Party System1816
James Monroe
Last election in which the Federalist Party ran a presidential candidate
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Curated picksFounding Brothers
Joseph J. Ellis
Pulitzer-winning portrait of the early republic.
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Ron Chernow
The biography that became the musical.
Buy on Amazon →John Adams
David McCullough
McCullough on Adams and the early presidency.
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